How to Choose Safe, Effective Targets for the Range: Paper, Steel, and Backer Basics

Targets can feel like an afterthought—until a range asks you to switch target types, your group can’t be scored cleanly, or someone nearby has a ricochet scare. The truth is that target choice is part of safe, responsible shooting. Different target materials behave differently when struck, and most ranges have specific rules for what’s allowed (and at what distances and calibers).

This guide walks through common target types—paper, cardboard, and steel—and the safety-forward considerations that go with each. We’ll keep it high level: no “how-to” weapon modifications, no tactical guidance—just practical, lawful range information you can apply on your next visit.

Why Target Choice Matters (More Than You Think)

A target is the interface between your practice and the range environment. The right target helps you:

• Follow range rules (many facilities restrict steel, glass, or certain reactive targets).
• Reduce ricochet and debris risk by using appropriate materials and safe target conditions.
• Get meaningful feedback—clear hits, easy scoring, and predictable presentation.
• Protect range infrastructure (frames, baffles, berms) and avoid unnecessary damage.
• Be a good neighbor by limiting splash, noise amplification, and target fragments.

Best practice: Before you shoot, confirm what your range allows for your lane, distance, and firearm type. If anything is unclear, ask staff—policies vary widely.

Paper Targets: The Range Workhorse

Paper targets are the most universally accepted option and are often the best choice for structured practice. They’re inexpensive, lightweight, and easy to replace. Paper also provides clean, readable holes for scoring and diagnosing shot placement.

Common paper target formats

• Silhouette-style targets (often used for general practice and qualification-style courses).
• Grid or bullseye targets (helpful for consistent aiming references and measurement).
• High-contrast shapes (good for indoor lighting or distance visibility).
• Adhesive “pasters” or repair dots (extend target life and keep scoring legible).

Safety and usefulness tips

Paper is generally low risk, but it still benefits from good setup. A target that sags, swings, or tears unpredictably can be frustrating—and can lead to shooters making unnecessary adjustments or handling equipment more often than needed.

• Use a stable backer so holes are clean and easy to see.
• Replace shredded targets—torn paper can hide hits and complicate scoring.
• Avoid metal fasteners when possible (some ranges prefer tape or clips; follow local policy).

Cardboard and Backers: The Unsung Heroes

Cardboard backers (or corrugated plastic backers, where allowed) support paper targets and keep them readable. They also reduce the “flap and tear” effect that makes holes hard to interpret—especially at longer distances.

What to look for in a good backer

• Stiffness (so the target stays flat and consistent).
• Size compatibility with your lane carriers or target stands.
• Replaceability (backers get shot up; plan for that).
• Range compatibility (some facilities ban certain materials or adhesives).

Safety note: If you’re using a freestanding stand outdoors, it’s the stand’s placement relative to the berm/backstop that matters most. A target stand positioned too low, too high, or off-angle can send rounds into places the range doesn’t intend. When in doubt, have staff confirm placement.

Steel Targets: Durable, Fun—And Rule-Heavy

Steel targets are popular because they provide immediate feedback (sound/movement) and can last a long time when used correctly. They’re also where rules and safety practices become especially important, because steel can produce splash and fragments if misused, damaged, or shot at inappropriate distances.

Most ranges that allow steel will specify:

• Minimum distance requirements by firearm type.
• Allowed calibers or energy limits.
• Approved target steel types (often hardened steel rather than mild steel).
• Target mounting rules (fixed vs. swinging; angle requirements; no ground placement).

Key safety considerations with steel (high level)

Without getting into step-by-step setup, here are the big concepts that matter:

• Surface condition matters: steel should be smooth and free of craters or deep pitting. Damaged steel increases unpredictable splash/fragment behavior.
• Angle matters: many steel systems are designed to deflect fragments downward. Using steel in an unintended orientation can increase risk.
• Distance matters: closer is not better with steel. Follow the range’s minimum distances and any manufacturer guidance.
• Ammunition matters: some projectile constructions are restricted on steel (range policy varies). If a range posts “no steel core” or similar rules, follow them.

If you’re new to steel targets: ask range staff what they allow and what they recommend. Policies differ between indoor and outdoor ranges, and even between bays at the same facility.

Reactive Targets: What Ranges Often Restrict

“Reactive” can mean many things—targets that move, fall, swing, or otherwise respond to hits. These can be engaging and useful, but they’re also commonly restricted because they can:

• Send debris or fragments in unexpected directions.
• Create cleanup issues (especially with materials that break apart).
• Encourage shooters to place targets in unsafe positions (like on the ground or too close).

Examples of targets that are frequently prohibited or tightly controlled include glass, certain improvised “trash” targets, and items that shatter into hazardous fragments. Even if something seems harmless, it may be against policy—always check first.

Indoor vs. Outdoor Target Considerations (Without Rehashing Range Comparisons)

Even without diving into a full indoor-versus-outdoor breakdown, target choice often changes based on environment:

• Ventilation and debris control: indoor ranges may limit steel and reactive targets more strictly.
• Target carriers: indoor systems often require specific mounting methods and sizes.
• Weather: outdoor wind and rain can destroy lightweight paper; sturdier backers help.
• Backstop type: outdoor berms vs. engineered traps can influence what’s permitted.

The practical takeaway: bring a couple of paper target options and plan to adapt to posted rules.

Scoring, Feedback, and “What Am I Practicing?”

Targets are tools. The best target is the one that gives you clear feedback for the skill you’re working on—without creating extra safety or rule compliance issues.

• For precision feedback: high-contrast bullseye or grid targets can make shot groups easier to interpret.
• For consistency: silhouettes with defined scoring zones help track repeatability session to session.
• For visibility: larger shapes or brighter colors help when lighting is poor or distances increase.
• For record-keeping: targets with date/notes sections support responsible training documentation.

Common misconception: “Harder” targets are always better. In reality, an overly busy target face can make it difficult to see hits, track progress, or follow a training plan from a qualified instructor.

Target Setup Etiquette: Staying in Your Lane (Literally)

Even when you’re using safe, approved targets, how you manage target changes affects others. A few etiquette basics that keep things smooth and safe:

• Minimize downrange trips: if your range allows going downrange (many don’t), coordinate with staff and other shooters.
• Be efficient with lane time: have tape, clips, and extra targets ready before you start.
• Don’t cross-post into neighboring lanes: keep stands and frames centered in your lane.
• Clean up: remove used targets, tape scraps, and packaging to help the next shooter.

A Simple Pre-Range Target Checklist

Before you leave home—or before you hit “check out” on supplies—run through this quick list:

• Range rules: Are steel or reactive targets allowed? Any distance/caliber restrictions?
• Mounting method: Does the range use carriers, clips, stands, or specific sizes?
• Visibility needs: Indoor lighting? Longer distance? Bring high-contrast options.
• Backers and repair: Cardboard backer and pasters/tape to keep hits readable.
• Replacement plan: Extra targets so you’re not “making do” with torn paper.

Conclusion: Choose Targets Like You Choose Gear—With Safety and Rules First

Paper targets and solid backers are the universal, low-drama option for most range sessions. Steel targets can be an excellent tool when your range allows them and when they’re used within posted restrictions and in good condition. The best approach is simple: follow range policies, choose targets that give clear feedback, and avoid materials that create unnecessary risk or cleanup.

If you’re looking to stock up on range-friendly targets and accessories, you can browse options at Gas & Brass Armory whenever you’re ready.