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Red Dots, Iron Sights, and Optics Basics: A Safety-First Guide for New Firearm Owners Choosing an optic can feel like learning a new language: MOA, MRAD, co-witness, parallax, eye relief, and more. The good news is you don’t need to be an engineer to make a smart, safe purchase. This guide explains the most common types of sights and optics, what they’re designed to do, and how to evaluate them for your needs—without getting into any weapon-building, modification, or “tac …